Izinto zokwakha ikhonkrithi, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza into yokwakha.Kufuneka igalelwe kwi-mold eyenziwe ngokukodwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-formwork okanye i-shuttering.
I-Formwork bamba ikhonkrithi egayiweyo ngokumila ide ibe lukhuni kwaye izuze amandla okwaneleyo ukuzixhasa kunye nokwakheka kobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo.Umsebenzi wefom ungahlelwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ngezixhobo
- Ngendawo esetyenziswayo
Umsebenzi owenziweyo unendima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo olubambekayo.Kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo okuthwala yonke imithwalo ekhoyo ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuphosa, kwaye emva koko kufuneka ibambe ukumila kwayo ngelixa ikhonkrithi iqina.
Ziziphi iiMfuno zokuSebenza okuLungileyo?
Nangona zininzi izixhobo zeformwork, ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zokusebenza ngokubanzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi:
- Iyakwazi ukuthwala ubunzima bebhere.
- gcina imilo yayo enenkxaso eyaneleyo.
- Ikhonkrithi ayivuzi.
- Ikhonkrithi engonakaliswanga xa isusa ifomwork.
- Izinto eziphathekayo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona emva kwexesha lokuphila.
- ilula
- Izinto zeformwork akufanele zijike okanye zigqwethe.
Iintlobo zeformwork ngokwemathiriyeli:
I-Timber Formwork
Umsetyenzana wamaplanga yenye yeendlela zokuqala ezakha zasetyenziswa.Idityaniswe kwisiza kwaye lolona hlobo luguquguqukayo, olulungele ukwenziwa lula.Izinto eziluncedo zayo:
- Kulula ukuvelisa kunye nokususa
- Ikhaphukhaphu, ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa ne-metallic formwork
- Ukusebenza, ukuvumela nayiphi na imilo, ubungakanani kunye nokuphakama kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi
- Ezoqoqosho kwiiprojekthi ezincinci
- Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamaplanga asekuhlaleni
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintsilelo:inobomi obufutshane kwaye idla ixesha kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-formwork yamaplanga iyanconywa xa iindleko zomsebenzi ziphantsi, okanye xa amacandelo ekhonkrithi enzima efuna i-flexible formwork, isakhiwo sokwakha asiphindaphinda kakhulu.
Plywood Formwork
IPlywood idla ngokusetyenziswa ngamaplanga.Yinto eyenziwe ngamaplanga, efumaneka ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu.Kwizicelo zeformwork, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukucheba, ukuhombisa kunye nokwenza iilinen.
I-Plywood formwork ineepropathi ezifanayo njenge-formwork yamaplanga, kubandakanya ukomelela, ukuqina kunye nokuba khaphukhaphu.
Metallic Formwork:Intsimbi kunye neAluminiyam
I-formwork yentsimbi iya ithandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yobomi bayo obude benkonzo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe okuninzi.Nangona kubiza, i-formwork yentsimbi iluncedo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, kwaye lukhetho olusebenzayo xa kulindeleke amathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zezona zinto ziphambili ze-steel formwork:
- Yomelele kwaye yomelele, kunye nexesha elide lokuphila
- Yenza ukugqitywa okugudileyo kwimigangatho yekhonkrithi
- Into evikela amanzi
- Ukunciphisa i-honeycombing isiphumo kwikhonkrithi
- Ifakwe ngokulula kwaye iqhaqhe
- Ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezigobileyo
I-aluminium formwork ifana kakhulu nentsimbi.Umahluko omkhulu kukuba i-aluminium inobuninzi obuphantsi kunentsimbi, eyenza i-formwork ibe lula.I-Aluminiyam nayo inamandla angaphantsi kunentsimbi, kwaye oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
Plastic Formwork
Olu hlobo lwefom yefom luhlanganiswe kwiipaneli ezidibeneyo okanye iinkqubo zemodyuli, ezenziwe ngeplastiki ekhaphukhaphu kunye neyomeleleyo.Iplasitiki formwork isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezincinci ezibandakanya imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, efana nezindlu ezinexabiso eliphantsi.
I-formwork yeplastiki ilula kwaye inokucocwa ngamanzi, ngelixa ifanelekile kumacandelo amakhulu kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona.I-drawback yayo ephambili kukuba nokuguquguquka okuncinci kunemithi, kuba izinto ezininzi zenziwe kwangaphambili.
Ukuhlelwa koMsebenzi oSekwe kuLuhlu lweZakhiwo
Ukongeza ekuhlelweni ngezinto eziphathekayo, i-formwork inokwahlulwa ngokwezinto zokwakha ezixhaswayo:
- Ubume bodonga
- Umsebenzi wekholam
- I-Slab formwork
- Beam formwork
- Inkqubo yesiseko
Zonke iintlobo zeefom zenzelwe ngokwesakhiwo abasixhasayo, kwaye izicwangciso zokwakha ezihambelanayo zichaza izinto kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo.Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukwakhiwa kwe-formwork kuthatha ixesha, kwaye kunokumela phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-25% yeendleko zesakhiwo.Ukunciphisa iindleko zeformwork, qwalasela ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
- Izicwangciso zokwakha kufuneka ziphinde zisebenzise izinto zokwakha kunye neejiyometri kangangoko ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kweformwork.
- Xa usebenza nge-formwork yamaplanga, kufuneka inqunyulwe ibe ngamaqhekeza amakhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba aphinde asetyenziswe.
Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ziyahluka ngokuyila kunye nenjongo.Njengakwizigqibo ezininzi zeprojekthi, akukho khetho lungcono kunolunye kuzo zonke izicelo;eyona formwork ifanelekileyo yeprojekthi yakho iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwesakhiwo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2020